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hanging scroll
A hanging scroll (; also called 軸 or 掛軸)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.npm.gov.tw/dm/album/htm/note004.htm )〕 is one of the many traditional ways to display and exhibit Chinese painting and calligraphy. Displaying the art in this way allowed public appreciation and appraisal of the aesthetics of the scrolls in its entirety by the audience.〔 It is to be distinguished from the handscroll, which was narrower and often much longer and not designed to be all visible at once.
Hanging scrolls are generally intended to be displayed for short periods of time and are then rolled up to be tied and secured for storage.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Chinese/html_pages/glossary.htm#thirty )〕 The hanging scrolls get rotated according to season or occasion, as such works are never intended to be on permanent display. The painting surface of the paper or silk can be mounted with decorative brocade silk borders.〔 In the composition of a hanging scroll, the foreground is usually at the bottom of the scroll while the middle and far distances are at the middle and top respectively.〔
The traditional craft involved in creating a hanging scroll is considered an art in itself.〔 Mountings for Chinese paintings can be divided into a few types, such as handscrolls, hanging scrolls, album leaves, and screens amongst others. In the hanging scroll the actual painting is mounted on a larger mount of fabric or paper, sewn at the top and bottom ends round small wooden poles or rods. At the top the pole allows hanging by a cord, and at the bottom it provides a little weight to hold the scroll flat and steady.
==History==
In China, scrolls originated in its earliest form from literature and other texts written on bamboo strips and silk banners.〔〔 The earliest hanging scrolls are related to and developed from silk banners in early Chinese history.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/painting/4ptgtech.htm )〕〔〔 These banners were long and hung vertically on walls.〔 Such silk banners and hanging scroll paintings were found in the tombs at Mawangdui dating back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE).〔 By the time of the Tang Dynasty (618–907), the aesthetic and structural objectives for hanging scrolls were summarized, which are still followed to this day.〔 During the early Song Dynasty (960–1279), the scrolls became well suited to the art styles of the artists,〔 consequently hanging scrolls were made in many different sizes and proportions.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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